Parts of foreign aid to Saddam Hussein during Iraq's imposed war against Iran

Parts of foreign aid to Saddam Hussein during Iraq's imposed war against Iran:

United States:

Germany:

1. Manufacturing weapons as needed by the Ba'athist regime of Iraq

2. Handover of chemical weapons manufacturing technology to Iraq.

3. Selling chemical agents, heavy machinery, precise machine tool control and scientific instruments

Morad Piri & Sharbati, 2015